Alaska Day

What Is Alaska Day?

Alaska Day is an annual observance in the U.S. state of Alaska, commemorating the formal transfer of the territory from Russia to the United States. This historical event occurred on 18th October 1867, when the Russian flag was lowered and the American flag was raised over Sitka, then the capital of Russian America. The day serves as a remembrance of this pivotal moment in Alaskan and American history, marking the acquisition of what would become the largest U.S. state by area.

The holiday provides an opportunity for Alaskans to reflect on their unique heritage and the circumstances that led to their integration into the United States. It highlights the vast land acquisition, often referred to as “Seward’s Folly,” named after U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward who orchestrated the purchase. While observed throughout the state, the most significant celebrations take place in Sitka, the site of the original transfer ceremony.

History and Origins of Alaska Day

The history of Alaska Day begins with the Treaty of Cession signed on 30th March 1867, in which Russia agreed to sell Alaska to the United States for $7.2 million. This transaction, negotiated by U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward, was initially met with scepticism in the United States, with critics deeming it an unprofitable acquisition of barren land. Despite the criticism, the U.S. Senate ratified the treaty on 9th April 1867.

The official transfer ceremony took place on 18th October 1867, in Sitka. A formal military parade was conducted, witnessed by Russian and American troops, as well as local indigenous Tlingit people. At 3:30 p.m., the Russian flag was lowered, and the American flag was raised, symbolising the peaceful transition of sovereignty. Prince Dmitriy Petrovich Maksutov, the last Russian governor, and General Lovell Rousseau, representing the United States, were key figures in the ceremony.

Alaska Day was officially declared a territorial holiday in 1917, on the 50th anniversary of the transfer. It became a state holiday upon Alaska’s admission to the Union in 1959. The choice of 18th October for the holiday specifically honours the date of the formal transfer, rather than the signing of the treaty or the date Alaska became a state.

How Alaska Day Is Celebrated

Celebrations for Alaska Day are primarily concentrated in Sitka, the historical location of the transfer ceremony. The city hosts an extensive week-long programme of events leading up to and including 18th October. These observances aim to educate the public about the historical significance of the day and promote community engagement.

Typical events in Sitka include a parade through the city’s streets, often featuring local organisations, schools, and cultural groups. A re-enactment of the flag-raising ceremony is a central feature, drawing spectators to witness a historical moment brought to life. Community gatherings, traditional performances, and educational exhibits are also common.

Beyond Sitka, other communities in Alaska may observe the day with local events, although these are generally less elaborate. State government offices and public schools are typically closed across Alaska on 18th October, allowing residents to participate in celebrations or spend time with family. It serves as a reminder of Alaska’s unique pathway to becoming a part of the United States.

When Is Alaska Day?

Alaska Day is observed annually on a fixed date: 18th October. This date directly corresponds to the day the formal transfer ceremony took place in Sitka in 1867. The holiday follows the Gregorian calendar system.

As a state holiday, it is consistently observed on 18th October each year, regardless of the day of the week it falls on. If 18th October falls on a Saturday or Sunday, the holiday is typically observed on the preceding Friday or the following Monday, respectively, allowing for a long weekend.

Alaska Day Key Facts