Anniversary of the Islamic Revolution

What Is Anniversary of the Islamic Revolution?

The Anniversary of the Islamic Revolution is a national public holiday in Iran, commemorating the culmination of the 1979 Iranian Revolution. This event, which led to the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty, established the Islamic Republic of Iran. The day marks a pivotal moment in the nation’s political and social history.

It is a time for public demonstrations of national unity and a reflection on the principles that guided the revolution. The observance reinforces the ideological foundations of the current Iranian state. Activities typically include organised rallies and public speeches across the country.

History and Origins of Anniversary of the Islamic Revolution

The Islamic Revolution, also known as the Iranian Revolution, was a series of events involving the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. It was replaced by an Islamic republic under the Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution. The revolution began in January 1978 with early demonstrations and strikes, escalating throughout the year.

By late 1978 and early 1979, the opposition movement gained significant momentum, driven by widespread discontent with the Shah’s government. This discontent stemmed from perceived corruption, economic disparities, and suppression of political dissent. The return of Ayatollah Khomeini from exile in February 1979 galvanised the revolutionary forces. The Pahlavi regime officially collapsed on 11 February 1979, when the Shah’s government and army declared neutrality, effectively ceding power to the revolutionaries.

This date, 22 Bahman in the Iranian calendar, is therefore celebrated as the “Day of Victory of the Islamic Revolution.” It symbolises the end of monarchical rule and the beginning of the new Islamic political system. The period leading up to this date, known as the “Ten-Day Dawn” (Fajr-e Deh), also holds significant commemorative importance.

How Anniversary of the Islamic Revolution Is Celebrated

In Iran, the Anniversary of the Islamic Revolution is marked by various nationwide events. The most prominent feature is the holding of large-scale rallies and parades in major cities and towns. Tehran, the capital, hosts the largest demonstration, typically culminating at Azadi Square (Freedom Square).

Participants often carry portraits of Ayatollah Khomeini and the current Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. They display national flags and banners reiterating revolutionary slogans. Government officials and religious leaders deliver speeches emphasising the revolution’s ideals, its achievements, and its continued relevance. Schools and government offices are closed, making it a public holiday. State media provides extensive coverage of the celebrations, often featuring documentaries and interviews related to the revolution’s history.

When Is Anniversary of the Islamic Revolution?

The Anniversary of the Islamic Revolution is observed annually on 22 Bahman according to the Iranian solar Hijri calendar. This date consistently corresponds to 11 February in the Gregorian calendar. As it is a fixed date in both calendars, its observance does not shift from year to year.

The period leading up to this date, from 1 February to 11 February, is known as “Ten-Day Dawn” (Fajr-e Deh). This ten-day period commemorates Ayatollah Khomeini’s return to Iran on 1 February 1979 and the subsequent victory of the revolution on 11 February. During the Ten-Day Dawn, various cultural and political events are held nationwide to reflect on the revolution’s history and principles.

Anniversary of the Islamic Revolution Key Facts