Anniversary of the Movement of Readjustment

What Is Anniversary of the Movement of Readjustment?

The Anniversary of the Movement of Readjustment is a significant public holiday observed annually in Guinea-Bissau on 14 November. It commemorates the 1980 military coup d’état, known as the “Movimento da Rectificação” (Movement of Readjustment), which saw the overthrow of the country’s first president, Luís Cabral. This event was a defining moment in Guinea-Bissau’s post-independence history, leading to substantial political and social changes.

The holiday provides an occasion for reflection on the nation’s political development and the complex legacy of the coup. While its observance has evolved over time, it remains a designated day off for most of the population, marked by various official and unofficial activities.

History and Origins of Anniversary of the Movement of Readjustment

Guinea-Bissau gained independence from Portugal in 1974, following a protracted liberation struggle led by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC). Luís Cabral, the half-brother of the assassinated revolutionary leader Amílcar Cabral, became the first president. The PAIGC initially pursued a policy of unification with Cape Verde, another former Portuguese colony.

However, by the late 1970s, internal tensions mounted in Guinea-Bissau. There was growing dissatisfaction among the African population regarding perceived dominance by Cape Verdean-descended elites within the government. Economic hardship and accusations of corruption further fuelled unrest. On 14 November 1980, a military coup d’état, led by then Prime Minister João Bernardo Vieira, deposed President Luís Cabral. The coup leaders termed their actions the “Movimento da Rectificação,” or “Movement of Readjustment,” asserting it was necessary to correct the direction of the nation and address the grievances of the Bissau-Guinean populace. This event effectively ended the prospect of unification with Cape Verde and ushered in a new political era under Vieira’s leadership.

How Anniversary of the Movement of Readjustment Is Celebrated

As a public holiday, the Anniversary of the Movement of Readjustment is primarily observed through official government ceremonies and public gatherings. Government offices, banks, and schools typically close for the day, and many private businesses also cease operations.

The capital city, Bissau, often hosts official commemorative events, which may include military parades, political speeches, and cultural performances. These events serve to reflect on the historical significance of the 1980 coup and its impact on the nation’s development. While the holiday’s official narrative may have shifted over the decades depending on the prevailing political climate, its status as a day of national observance remains. Families and communities may also use the day for social gatherings.

When Is Anniversary of the Movement of Readjustment?

The Anniversary of the Movement of Readjustment is observed on a fixed date each year, falling on 14 November. The date is consistent across Guinea-Bissau and is based on the Gregorian calendar.

This particular date marks the precise day in 1980 when the military coup, known as the “Movement of Readjustment,” took place, leading to the change in national leadership.

Anniversary of the Movement of Readjustment Key Facts