What Is Belgian National Day?
Belgian National Day, known in French as Fête Nationale Belge, in Dutch as Nationale Feestdag van België, and in German as Belgischer Nationalfeiertag, is the annual national holiday of Belgium. It is observed annually on 21 July. This day marks a pivotal moment in the nation’s history, commemorating the establishment of the Belgian constitutional monarchy.
The holiday serves as a commemoration of the country’s independence and the installation of its first monarch. It is a public holiday across Belgium, during which government offices, banks, and many businesses are closed. The day is characterised by official ceremonies and widespread public festivities.
History and Origins of Belgian National Day
The origins of Belgian National Day are rooted in the Belgian Revolution of 1830. This uprising led to the secession of the southern provinces from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, eventually forming the independent Kingdom of Belgium. Following the revolution, a National Congress was convened to draft a constitution and elect a monarch.
On 4 June 1831, Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was elected as the first King of the Belgians. His formal enthronement occurred on 21 July 1831, when he took an oath of allegiance to the new Belgian Constitution in front of the Parliament in Brussels. This act symbolically cemented Belgium’s status as an independent and sovereign nation.
Initially, various dates were considered for the national holiday, such as 27 September (commemorating the expulsion of Dutch forces from Brussels) or 18 November (the day the National Congress declared Leopold I as King). However, 21 July was eventually chosen and officially declared the national holiday by law in 1890, signifying the constitutional foundation of the Belgian state.
How Belgian National Day Is Celebrated
Belgian National Day is celebrated with a combination of official state ceremonies and popular festivities throughout the country. The main events typically occur in the capital city, Brussels, and are attended by the Belgian Royal Family.
The day begins with a Te Deum religious service, attended by members of the Royal Family, government officials, and foreign dignitaries. This is followed by a significant military and civil parade, which takes place in the heart of Brussels, showcasing the country’s armed forces and emergency services. Various cultural events, concerts, and public gatherings are also organised across the city centre, transforming it into a hub of activity.
Beyond Brussels, celebrations extend to cities and towns across Belgium. These often include neighbourhood parties, open-air concerts, and markets. Many people display the Belgian national flag (black, yellow, and red) from their homes and businesses. The day culminates in an elaborate fireworks display, usually held in Brussels, marking the conclusion of the national commemorations.
When Is Belgian National Day?
Belgian National Day is observed annually on 21 July. This is a fixed date in the Gregorian calendar and does not change from year to year. As such, its observance always falls on the same calendar date, regardless of the day of the week. This fixed date ensures consistency in its national commemoration.
Belgian National Day Key Facts
| Fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Type | Public Holiday |
| Date | 21 July (fixed) |
| Countries | 1 (Belgium) |
| Also known as | Fête Nationale Belge (French), Nationale Feestdag van België (Dutch), Belgischer Nationalfeiertag (German) |
| Calendar system | Gregorian |
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is Belgian National Day celebrated on 21 July?
Belgian National Day commemorates 21 July 1831, the date on which King Leopold I swore allegiance to the Belgian Constitution, formally becoming the first King of the Belgians. This event solidified the country's independence and established its constitutional monarchy.
Is Belgian National Day a public holiday?
Yes, Belgian National Day is a public holiday throughout Belgium. Most businesses, schools, and government offices are closed, allowing people to participate in celebrations and observances.
What are common traditions associated with Belgian National Day?
Common traditions include a military parade in Brussels, attended by the Royal Family, and a national concert. Across the country, people attend street parties, open-air concerts, and public fireworks displays in the evening.