Eid al-Adha

What Is Eid al-Adha?

Eid al-Adha, commonly translated as the Feast of Sacrifice, is one of the two principal annual holidays celebrated in Islam. It honours the devotion of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) when he was willing to sacrifice his son, Isma’il (Ishmael), in an act of obedience to God. God intervened and provided a ram to be sacrificed instead.

This significant observance symbolises the virtues of obedience, sacrifice, and faith. It serves as a reminder of the importance of submission to divine will and generosity towards others. The holiday marks the conclusion of the annual Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca, though it is observed by Muslims worldwide, regardless of whether they are performing the pilgrimage.

History and Origins of Eid al-Adha

The origins of Eid al-Adha are deeply rooted in Islamic tradition and the Quranic narrative concerning Prophet Ibrahim. The story recounts God’s command to Ibrahim to sacrifice his beloved son, a supreme test of faith. Ibrahim, without hesitation, prepared to fulfil the command.

As Ibrahim was about to perform the sacrifice, God sent the angel Jibra’il (Gabriel) with a ram, instructing Ibrahim to sacrifice the ram instead of his son. This event is commemorated as an example of ultimate obedience and trust in God. The practice of animal sacrifice during Eid al-Adha symbolises this historical event and is known as ‘Qurbani’.

Historically, the observance has been a cornerstone of Islamic identity, fostering community bonds and providing for those in need. It is observed on the 10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah, which is the 12th and final month of the Islamic calendar, immediately following the Day of Arafat, a crucial day for Hajj pilgrims.

How Eid al-Adha Is Celebrated

Eid al-Adha observances typically commence with communal prayers held at mosques or large open-air spaces, followed by a sermon. These prayers are a central part of the holiday, bringing together communities in devotion and celebration. After the prayers, greetings are exchanged, often with the phrase “Eid Mubarak” (Blessed Eid).

A key tradition is the performance of the Qurbani, or animal sacrifice. Muslims who can afford to do so sacrifice an animal, typically a sheep, goat, cow, or camel, adhering to specific Islamic guidelines. The meat from the sacrifice is traditionally divided into three parts: one for the family, one for relatives and friends, and one for the poor and needy. This practice underscores the holiday’s emphasis on charity and community welfare.

Family gatherings, feasts, and the exchange of gifts are also prominent features of Eid al-Adha. People often wear new clothes, visit family and friends, and share special meals. Children commonly receive gifts or money. The holiday generally lasts for four days, allowing ample time for these social and charitable activities.

Celebrations in Indonesia

In Indonesia, Eid al-Adha, known locally as Idul Adha, is a major public holiday. The morning begins with congregational prayers in mosques and open fields. The Qurbani ritual is widely practised, with local committees often coordinating the collection and distribution of sacrificial meat to ensure it reaches poorer communities efficiently. Special Eid dishes, often featuring beef or lamb, are prepared and shared amongst family and neighbours. Cultural performances and family visits are also common.

Celebrations in Somalia

In Somalia, Eid al-Adha, or Ciid al-Adha, is celebrated with profound cultural significance. After Eid prayers, families gather for elaborate meals, and the traditional sacrifice of sheep or goats is a widespread practice. The meat is shared extensively, particularly with those facing hardship, reinforcing community solidarity. Children often receive new clothes and treats, and communal visits to extend greetings are a customary part of the four-day celebration.

When Is Eid al-Adha?

Eid al-Adha is a moveable feast within the Gregorian calendar because its date is determined by the Islamic lunar calendar. It consistently falls on the 10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah, the 12th month of the Islamic calendar. Since the Islamic calendar is approximately 10 to 11 days shorter than the Gregorian calendar, the date of Eid al-Adha shifts earlier each year in relation to the Gregorian calendar.

The exact beginning of Dhu al-Hijjah, and thus Eid al-Adha, is confirmed by the sighting of the crescent moon. This can sometimes lead to slight variations in observance dates between different regions or religious authorities, particularly in countries with large Muslim populations. The holiday itself spans four days following the 10th of Dhu al-Hijjah.

Eid al-Adha Key Facts