Jungyangjeol

What Is Jungyangjeol?

Jungyangjeol is a traditional Korean holiday, historically observed on the ninth day of the ninth month in the lunar calendar. It is rooted in East Asian cultural practices and shares origins with China’s Chongyang Festival. The name “Jungyang” (重陽) translates to “double yang,” referring to the recurrence of the number nine, which is considered a ‘yang’ number in traditional numerology.

Historically, this day was designated for various customs aimed at ensuring good health, celebrating the harvest, and honouring ancestors. While its observance has diminished in South Korea, it remains a recognised traditional occasion. In North Korea, Jungyangjeol is officially designated as a public holiday.

History and Origins of Jungyangjeol

The origins of Jungyangjeol can be traced back to the Chongyang Festival (Double Ninth Festival) in China, a tradition that predates the Tang Dynasty. This festival was adopted into Korean culture during various dynastic periods, including the Goryeo and Joseon eras, where it became a significant autumnal observance. The adoption reflects a broader pattern of cultural exchange within East Asia.

In Korean history, Jungyangjeol was integrated into the annual cycle of agricultural and social activities. The concept of “double yang” was important; while nine was seen as a number of strength and longevity, the doubling of it could also imply a need for balance. Therefore, many of the day’s customs, such as ascending to high places, were believed to help ward off potential misfortune and align oneself with positive forces.

How Jungyangjeol Is Celebrated

Celebrations for Jungyangjeol traditionally focused on customs related to health, nature, and ancestral reverence. Many of these practices aimed to harmonise with the autumn season and ensure well-being.

Traditional Observances

A prominent tradition associated with Jungyangjeol is deunggo (등고), the act of ascending mountains or high hills. This practice originated from the belief that going to higher ground on this day could help prevent misfortune. People would often carry food and drink for picnics at the summit, enjoying the autumn scenery.

Culinary traditions include the consumption of specific seasonal foods and beverages. Chrysanthemum wine (gukhwaju) was a popular drink, believed to promote longevity and health. Chrysanthemum pancakes (gukhwajeon), made by pressing chrysanthemum petals onto pan-fried batter, were also commonly prepared. Other items like yuzu tea and red bean rice cakes (sirutteok) were also part of the festive fare. Ancestral rites (jesa) were often performed by families to honour their forebears.

Observance in North Korea

In North Korea, Jungyangjeol is observed as a public holiday. The day is typically marked by official events and public gatherings. Citizens often engage in excursions to scenic mountainous areas, similar to the traditional deunggo practice. Picnics, traditional games, and cultural performances are common activities, which align with the official promotion of national identity and traditions.

Observance in South Korea

In South Korea, Jungyangjeol is not a public holiday and its observance has become less widespread compared to major festivals like Chuseok (Korean Thanksgiving) or Seollal (Lunar New Year). However, some families, particularly those with a strong interest in preserving traditional customs, may still observe elements of Jungyangjeol. Cultural organisations and local communities sometimes host events to educate the public about the holiday’s historical significance and practices.

When Is Jungyangjeol?

Jungyangjeol is determined by the lunar calendar, falling on the ninth day of the ninth month. Because the lunar calendar does not align directly with the Gregorian calendar, the Gregorian date for Jungyangjeol varies each year. It typically occurs during October.

For example:

• In 2023, Jungyangjeol fell on 23 October.
• In 2024, it will fall on 11 October.
• In 2025, it will fall on 30 October.

This variability means that while the cultural date is fixed within its own system, its placement on the Western calendar changes annually.

Jungyangjeol Key Facts