National 'Cursed Soldiers' Day

What Is National ‘Cursed Soldiers’ Day?

National ‘Cursed Soldiers’ Day is a Polish national observance dedicated to commemorating the anti-communist resistance fighters known as the “Cursed Soldiers” (Żołnierze Wyklęci). These individuals continued to fight for Poland’s full sovereignty and independence against the Soviet-backed communist regime following the end of World War II. The day serves to honour their sacrifices and to acknowledge a period of Polish history that was suppressed for decades.

The observance aims to restore the historical truth about these underground soldiers who were often demonised by post-war communist propaganda. It highlights their struggle against occupation and totalitarianism. The day recognises their enduring patriotism and their commitment to a free and democratic Poland.

History and Origins of National ‘Cursed Soldiers’ Day

The “Cursed Soldiers” were members of various underground organisations, such as the Home Army (Armia Krajowa) and its successors, who refused to lay down their arms after 1945. They considered the Soviet occupation and the establishment of a communist government in Poland a continuation of foreign domination, not liberation. Their armed resistance lasted for many years, with some groups operating until the early 1960s.

During the communist era, these fighters were officially branded as bandits, traitors, and enemies of the state. Thousands were captured, subjected to show trials, imprisoned, tortured, or executed. Their stories were systematically erased from public memory, and their families faced discrimination and repression. Following the collapse of communism in 1989, efforts began to rehabilitate their image and integrate their history into the national narrative.

National ‘Cursed Soldiers’ Day was formally established by the Polish Parliament in 2011. The date, 1st March, was specifically chosen to commemorate the execution of seven prominent leaders of the Freedom and Independence (Wolność i Niezawisłość - WiN) organisation on 1st March 1951, in a Warsaw prison. This act symbolised the widespread repression and elimination of the anti-communist underground by the communist security forces.

How National ‘Cursed Soldiers’ Day Is Celebrated

In Poland, National ‘Cursed Soldiers’ Day is observed with a range of commemorative activities. Official ceremonies typically involve representatives from government bodies, the military, and veterans’ organisations. Wreath-laying ceremonies are held at monuments and graves associated with the “Cursed Soldiers” across the country.

Educational institutions frequently organise lectures, discussions, and historical exhibitions to inform students about this period of Polish history and the role of the resistance fighters. Public awareness campaigns, documentaries, and articles in the media also contribute to a broader understanding of their struggle. Various civic organisations and patriotic groups arrange remembrance marches, re-enactments, and concerts. These events often attract a significant number of participants, particularly younger generations, who seek to connect with Poland’s past and honour its heroes.

When Is National ‘Cursed Soldiers’ Day?

National ‘Cursed Soldiers’ Day is observed annually on 1st March. This is a fixed date within the Gregorian calendar. The date was specifically chosen to mark a significant event in the persecution of the anti-communist underground.

Although it is a national observance of considerable importance, National ‘Cursed Soldiers’ Day is not designated as a public holiday in Poland, meaning businesses and schools operate as usual. Its recognition is primarily symbolic, focusing on remembrance and historical education rather than providing a day of rest.

National ‘Cursed Soldiers’ Day Key Facts