What Is Nature’s Day (Sizdah Be-dar)?
Nature’s Day, known locally as Sizdah Be-dar, is an important cultural observance in Iran. It marks the thirteenth and final day of the two-week-long Nowruz celebrations, which commemorate the Persian New Year and the arrival of spring. This day is primarily dedicated to spending time outdoors, reconnecting with the natural environment.
The term “Sizdah Be-dar” translates literally to “thirteen out,” referring to the act of spending the thirteenth day of the new year outside the home. It symbolises casting away the misfortunes associated with the number thirteen and embracing the rejuvenating power of nature. Families and friends gather in parks, gardens, and countryside areas for picnics and various outdoor activities.
History and Origins of Nature’s Day (Sizdah Be-dar)
The origins of Sizdah Be-dar are deeply rooted in ancient Persian traditions and Zoroastrian beliefs, pre-dating Islam. The celebration is part of Nowruz, which has been observed for over 3,000 years, making it one of the oldest holidays in the world. The number thirteen held both significance and superstition in ancient Persian culture.
Historically, the thirteenth day after the spring equinox was considered a time to appease nature spirits and ward off evil. It was believed that staying indoors on this day could bring bad luck. The custom of picnicking and enjoying nature evolved from these ancient practices, reinforcing the connection between humanity and the environment, and marking a joyous conclusion to the New Year festivities.
How Nature’s Day (Sizdah Be-dar) Is Celebrated
Nature’s Day is celebrated with great enthusiasm across Iran. The core tradition involves people leaving their homes to spend the entire day in natural settings such as parks, riversides, or the countryside. These gatherings are typically large family affairs, often extended to include friends.
Outdoor Feasts and Activities
Central to the celebration are elaborate picnics, where families prepare and share traditional Iranian foods. Children and adults engage in various outdoor games, sports, and recreational activities. It is a day for socialising, music, dancing, and generally enjoying the fresh spring air.
The ‘Sabzeh’ Tradition
One of the most distinctive customs of Sizdah Be-dar involves the ‘sabzeh’, sprouted greens that have been a prominent item on the Haft-Seen table during Nowruz. On this day, the ‘sabzeh’ is taken to a natural body of water, such as a river or stream, and cast into it. This act symbolises the return of growth to nature and the disposal of any misfortunes or negative energies accumulated in the household during the past year. Single young women sometimes tie knots in the ‘sabzeh’ before throwing it into the water, hoping to find a partner by the next Sizdah Be-dar.
Dorugh-e Sizdah
Another light-hearted tradition is “Dorugh-e Sizdah,” meaning ‘the lie of the thirteenth’. Similar to April Fools’ Day in Western cultures, people play practical jokes or tell humorous tall tales. This adds a playful and joyful element to the day’s celebrations.
When Is Nature’s Day (Sizdah Be-dar)?
Nature’s Day (Sizdah Be-dar) always falls on the thirteenth day of Farvardin, the first month of the Persian calendar. Since Nowruz begins on the vernal equinox, the exact Gregorian calendar date for Sizdah Be-dar varies slightly each year. It typically occurs on 1st or 2nd April. The Persian calendar system, based on astronomical observations, ensures that Nowruz always begins precisely at the moment of the spring equinox.
Nature’s Day (Sizdah Be-dar) Key Facts
| Fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Type | Public Holiday / Observance / Cultural |
| Date | 13th Farvardin (Persian calendar), usually 1st or 2nd April |
| Countries | 1 country (Iran as a public holiday) |
| Also known as | Sizdah Be-dar |
| Calendar system | Persian calendar (Jalali calendar) |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary purpose of Nature's Day (Sizdah Be-dar)?
The primary purpose of Nature's Day is to conclude the Nowruz festivities by spending time outdoors, symbolising a connection with nature and the renewal of spring. It is also traditionally associated with warding off bad luck attributed to the thirteenth day of the new year.
How is the 'sabzeh' used on Nature's Day?
On Nature's Day, the 'sabzeh' (sprouted greens) that was part of the Haft-Seen table is taken to a natural setting, typically a river or stream. It is then cast into the flowing water, symbolising the return of growth to nature and the disposal of any accumulated negative energy from the household.
Is Nature's Day (Sizdah Be-dar) a public holiday outside of Iran?
While Nowruz is celebrated by various communities globally, Nature's Day (Sizdah Be-dar) as a public holiday is primarily observed in Iran. Other countries with Persian cultural influence may observe it as a cultural event but not typically as a national public holiday.