What Is Proclamation Day?
Proclamation Day commemorates the formal establishment of the Province of South Australia by Governor John Hindmarsh on 28th December 1836. It marks the day when Hindmarsh read the Proclamation, asserting British sovereignty over the territory and outlining the foundational principles of the new colony. This historical event is observed as a public holiday in South Australia, Australia.
The day symbolises the beginning of organised colonial administration in South Australia, a colony distinct for its planned, “free settlement” model, which initially excluded convicts. It is a day of historical reflection and community gathering, particularly in the state where it holds direct relevance.
History and Origins of Proclamation Day
The origins of Proclamation Day trace back to the mid-1830s when the British Parliament passed the South Australia Act 1834. This Act enabled the establishment of a new colony in Australia based on the principles of systematic colonisation advocated by Edward Gibbon Wakefield. Unlike other Australian colonies founded primarily as penal settlements, South Australia was intended for free immigrants, with land sales funding emigration and public works.
On 28th December 1836, Governor John Hindmarsh, along with his entourage and the first colonists, arrived at Holdfast Bay (now Glenelg) and formally established the province. Under an ancient gum tree, Hindmarsh read the Proclamation, which declared British sovereignty, established legal authority, and promised protection and equal rights under British law to both settlers and the Aboriginal population. This reading formally brought the Province of South Australia into existence and laid the groundwork for its subsequent development.
How Proclamation Day Is Celebrated
Proclamation Day is predominantly celebrated within South Australia, reflecting its specific historical significance to the state. As a public holiday, many businesses and government offices close, allowing residents to participate in commemorative events or enjoy leisure activities.
South Australia Observances
The most notable celebration takes place at the Old Gum Tree site in Glenelg, the historical location where Governor Hindmarsh read the original Proclamation. A re-enactment of the proclamation reading is typically held, often attended by state dignitaries and members of the public. This event serves as a focal point for historical remembrance and community gathering.
Given its timing in the Australian summer, Proclamation Day is often spent by families enjoying outdoor activities. Picnics, beach outings, and other recreational pursuits are common, extending the holiday period that usually includes Christmas and Boxing Day. Various community events and local festivals may also be organised, contributing to the celebratory atmosphere.
Heard Island and McDonald Islands Observances
Heard Island and McDonald Islands are uninhabited Australian external territories. While Proclamation Day is recognised as a public holiday there, practical observance is limited due to the absence of a permanent population. Any commemoration would typically be undertaken by scientific personnel or expedition members temporarily stationed on the islands.
When Is Proclamation Day?
Proclamation Day is observed annually on 28th December. This date is fixed according to the Gregorian calendar, commemorating the exact day Governor John Hindmarsh formally established the Province of South Australia in 1836.
As it is a public holiday, specific arrangements are made if 28th December falls on a weekend. In such cases, the public holiday is usually shifted to the following Monday, or another designated weekday, to ensure that workers receive a day off. This practice is common for public holidays in Australia to maximise the benefit of the holiday for the workforce.
Proclamation Day Key Facts
| Fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Type | Public Holiday / Historical Observance |
| Date | 28th December (or substitute weekday if on weekend) |
| Countries | 2 (Australia - specifically South Australia, and Heard Island and McDonald Islands) |
| Also known as | Proclamation Day (South Australia) |
| Calendar system | Gregorian |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Proclamation Day?
Proclamation Day commemorates the formal establishment of the Province of South Australia and the reading of Governor John Hindmarsh's proclamation on 28th December 1836. This event marked the beginning of British colonial administration in the region.
Where is Proclamation Day observed?
Proclamation Day is primarily observed in the state of South Australia, Australia. It is also recognised as a public holiday in the Australian external territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands.
Is Proclamation Day a public holiday?
Yes, Proclamation Day is a public holiday in South Australia. When 28th December falls on a weekend, the public holiday is typically moved to the nearest weekday.