SPLA Day

What Is SPLA Day?

SPLA Day is a national public holiday observed annually in South Sudan on 16 May. It commemorates the founding of the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) in 1983. This day acknowledges the commencement of the armed resistance that ultimately led to South Sudan’s independence from Sudan in 2011.

The observance serves as a reminder of the historical journey and sacrifices made during the Second Sudanese Civil War. It underscores the SPLA’s role as the primary military force that championed the cause of self-determination for the people of Southern Sudan. The holiday is a moment for national reflection on the path to nationhood.

History and Origins of SPLA Day

The origins of SPLA Day are rooted in the complex political and social landscape of Sudan during the late 20th century. For decades, the southern regions of Sudan experienced political marginalisation and conflict with the central government. This tension led to the First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972) and subsequently, the Second Sudanese Civil War.

On 16 May 1983, a mutiny by southern troops in Bor, led by Colonel John Garang de Mabior, escalated into a full-scale rebellion. This event is widely recognised as the official formation of the Sudan People’s Liberation Army and its political wing, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM). The SPLA’s formation was a direct response to the Khartoum government’s policies, including the imposition of Sharia law and the perceived political and economic exploitation of the south.

The SPLA fought for over two decades, advocating for a secular, democratic, and unified Sudan, or failing that, for the independence of the South. Their efforts culminated in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in 2005, which paved the way for a referendum on self-determination. This referendum, held in 2011, overwhelmingly favoured independence, leading to the birth of the Republic of South Sudan. SPLA Day thus symbolises the beginning of this successful liberation struggle.

How SPLA Day Is Celebrated

SPLA Day is primarily celebrated through official government-organised events across South Sudan. The capital city, Juba, typically hosts the main commemorative activities. These often include military parades, during which members of the South Sudan People’s Defence Forces (SSPDF), the successor to the SPLA, march to honour their heritage.

Prominent government officials, including the President, deliver speeches reflecting on the historical significance of the SPLA and the sacrifices made for independence. These addresses often call for national unity and continued efforts towards peace and development. Cultural performances, music, and dances may also be part of the public observances. While it is a national holiday, celebrations tend to be more formal and less focused on individual family traditions compared to other holidays.

When Is SPLA Day?

SPLA Day is observed on a fixed date each year, 16 May. This date remains constant across all calendar systems used in South Sudan, as it commemorates a specific historical event. As a public holiday, government offices, schools, and many businesses are closed on this day.

SPLA Day Key Facts