Second Day of the Sun

What Is Second Day of the Sun?

The Second Day of the Sun is a major national public holiday celebrated annually in North Korea on 16 February. This day commemorates the birth anniversary of Kim Jong-il (1942–2011), who served as the second Supreme Leader of North Korea from 1994 to 2011. It is one of the most important national observances, reflecting the country’s political system and its emphasis on its leaders.

The holiday is characterised by widespread state-organised events and public displays of reverence for Kim Jong-il. It functions as a day for national unity and a reinforcement of the Juche ideology, which is the official state ideology of North Korea. Observances are mandatory and involve citizens across various societal sectors.

History and Origins of Second Day of the Sun

Kim Jong-il was born on 16 February 1942, reportedly at a secret partisan camp on Mount Paektu, though Soviet records indicate his birth in Vyatskoye, Russia. His birthday was first designated as a provisional holiday in 1982 when he turned 40, marked by the unveiling of the Paektu Mountain Secret Camp monument. It gained further prominence as he gradually assumed more leadership responsibilities.

Following Kim Jong-il’s death in December 2011, his birthday was formally designated as the “Day of the Shining Star” in January 2012 by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Workers’ Party of Korea. This renaming elevated its status to mirror the “Day of the Sun,” which celebrates the birthday of his father and North Korea’s founder, Kim Il-sung. The name “Second Day of the Sun” or “Day of the Shining Star” is used to signify its parallel importance.

How Second Day of the Sun Is Celebrated

Celebrations for the Second Day of the Sun are meticulously planned and executed by the state. The observances typically begin several days in advance and involve the entire populace. These activities aim to demonstrate national solidarity and respect for the former leader.

National Observances

Across North Korea, the holiday is marked by a series of grand events. These include mass rallies, elaborate artistic performances, and concerts held in public squares and theatres, particularly in the capital, Pyongyang. Floral tributes, often in the form of the “Kimjongilia” (a hybrid begonia named after Kim Jong-il), are placed at statues and monuments dedicated to the leader.

Cultural and Sporting Events

Various cultural and sporting activities are organised. The Pyongyang Ice Sculpture Festival often coincides with this period, featuring intricate ice sculptures depicting national symbols and revolutionary themes. National exhibitions, such as agricultural or industrial displays, may also be opened or highlighted. Sporting competitions are common, fostering a sense of national pride and physical prowess among the population.

Public and Family Gatherings

On a more personal level, citizens may receive special food rations, gifts, or bonuses from the state. Families might gather to share meals and participate in community events. Children born on this day may be given special attention. Attendance at organised events is often expected, and participation is a civic duty reflecting loyalty to the state and its leadership.

When Is Second Day of the Sun?

The Second Day of the Sun is observed annually on a fixed date: 16 February. This date remains constant each year according to the Gregorian calendar.

While the specific date of 16 February is based on the Gregorian calendar, North Korea also employs its own Juche calendar. The Juche calendar begins its numbering from 1912, the birth year of Kim Il-sung, the nation’s founder. Therefore, the Second Day of the Sun falls on 16 February of the current Juche year.

Second Day of the Sun Key Facts